SELECT 
  category_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  id_path LIKE '258/%'

Query time 0.00061

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range id_path,idx_id_path id_path 767 9 Using index condition

Result

category_id
273
274
275
277
296
352
276
383
914
278
370
873
905
906
912
913