SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    8303, 8665, 9880, 8286, 9818, 9883, 8666, 
    8300, 8306, 8289, 8361, 8304
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00042

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id product_id 3 12 Using index condition; Using where

Result

product_id price
8286 95.460000
8289 61.960000
8300 54.870000
8303 51.340000
8304 53.420000
8306 70.480000
8361 88.400000
8665 41.460000
8666 41.460000
9818 51.870000
9880 41.460000
9883 60.560000