SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    601, 9480, 624, 605, 9476, 642, 604, 644, 
    602, 630, 632, 640
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00043

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id product_id 3 13 Using index condition; Using where

Result

product_id price
601 4.650000
602 4.920000
604 6.900000
605 8.300000
624 24.640000
630 18.520000
632 39.520000
640 3.510000
642 19.770000
644 19.770000
9476 15.330000
9480 3.320000