SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_ult_product_prices.price * cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id IN (
    629, 646, 635, 641, 631, 636, 10109, 10108
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 2 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00295

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_ult_product_prices range usergroup,product_id,company_id,lower_limit,usergroup_id usergroup 13 16 Using index condition

Result

product_id price
629 34.360000
631 12.600000
635 39.520000
636 4.730000
641 14.640000
646 12.600000
10108 7.340000
10109 6.880000