SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (914, 274, 276, 278, 906)

Query time 0.00034

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range PRIMARY,p_category_id,idx_category_id PRIMARY 3 5 Using index condition

Result

id_path
258/273/274
258/276
258/278
258/278/906
258/276/914